Ecology Summary - Epinephelus multinotatus

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Main Ref.	Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Remarks	Inhabit clear to turbid water in shallow as well as deep water (Ref. 4787). Juveniles are found in inshore coral reefs (Ref. 5222). They feed in water to more than 100 m depth (Ref. 27275). It has been suggested that juveniles mimic the herbivorous damselfish Neopomacentrus sindensis, presumably to get closer to their unsuspecting prey (Ref. 5222, 9710). Feed on small fishes and crabs. Probably spawn during restricted periods and form aggregations when doing so (Ref. 27352). Eggs and early larvae are probably pelagic (Ref. 6390). Rankin's rock cod feed in water to more than 100 m depth (Ref. 27275). Probably make frequent use of shelters, suggesting an 'ambush' method of feeding (Ref. 6390). Dwells in coral and rocky reefs. Demersal. Forms small groups and is territorial. Feeds on small fishes and crabs (Ref. 9773).

Main Ref.

Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993

Remarks

Inhabit clear to turbid water in shallow as well as deep water (Ref. 4787). Juveniles are found in inshore coral reefs (Ref. 5222). They feed in water to more than 100 m depth (Ref. 27275). It has been suggested that juveniles mimic the herbivorous damselfish Neopomacentrus sindensis, presumably to get closer to their unsuspecting prey (Ref. 5222, 9710). Feed on small fishes and crabs. Probably spawn during restricted periods and form aggregations when doing so (Ref. 27352). Eggs and early larvae are probably pelagic (Ref. 6390). Rankin's rock cod feed in water to more than 100 m depth (Ref. 27275). Probably make frequent use of shelters, suggesting an 'ambush' method of feeding (Ref. 6390). Dwells in coral and rocky reefs. Demersal. Forms small groups and is territorial. Feeds on small fishes and crabs (Ref. 9773).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Epinephelus multinotatus may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Benthic: demersal; Hard Bottom: rocky;
Substrate Ref.	Letourneur, Y., P. Chabanet, P. Durville, M. Taquet, E. Teissier, M. Parmentier, J.-C. Quéro and K. Pothin, 2004
Special habitats	Coral Reefs;
Special habitats Ref.	Al-Abdessalaam, T.Z.S., 1995

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Parrish, J.D., 1987
Feeding habit	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Parrish, J.D., 1987

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	Original sample		Unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition
From individual food items	3.90	0.66			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.

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