Main Ref. | Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993 |
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Remarks | Juveniles are found in shallow coral rubble, adults in isolated coral heads of lagoon and seaward reefs to depths of 82 m. Feed mainly on sand-dwelling fishes and crustaceans, sometimes on octopuses (Ref. 5222). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.98 | 0.36 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. | ||
From individual food items | 4.13 | 0.56 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Kulbicki, M., Y.-M. Bozec, P. Labrosse, Y. Letourneur, G. Mou-Tham and L. Wantiez, 2005 |