Ecology of Engraulis ringens
 
Main Ref. Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988
Remarks Inhabits the upwelling system off Peru and Chile. Mainly within 80 km of coast, but occasionally as far out as 160 km, forming huge shoals, chiefly in surface waters (descending in daytime to 50 m, rising at night). Employs both filter- and particulate-feeding modes on diatoms and copepods (Ref. 42392). Its northern distribution in Peruvian waters is limited in some years by the El Niño phenomenon.

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

Marine - Neritic Marine - Oceanic Brackishwater Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies
  • supra-littoral zone
  • littoral zone
  • sublittoral zone
  • epipelagic
  • mesopelagic
  • epipelagic
  • abyssopelagic
  • hadopelagic
  • estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas
  • mangroves
  • marshes/swamps
  • rivers/streams
  • lakes/ponds
  • caves
  • exclusively in caves
Highighted items on the list are where Engraulis ringens may be found.

Habitat

Substrate
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79)
Feeding type Ref. Pauly, D., A. Jarre, S. Luna, V. Sambilay Jr., B.R. de Mendiola and A. Alamo, 1989
Feeding habit filtering plankton
Feeding habit Ref. Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988
Trophic Level(s)
Estimation method Original sample Unfished population Remark
Troph s.e. Troph s.e.
From diet composition 2.70 0.32
From individual food items 2.86 0.38 Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref. Pauly, D., A. Jarre, S. Luna, V. Sambilay Jr., B.R. de Mendiola and A. Alamo, 1989
(e.g. 346)
(e.g. oophagy)
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