Main Ref. | Whitehead, P.J.P. and R. Rodriguez-Sanchez, 1995 |
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Remarks | Occur in schools in shallow inshore areas. Penetrate lagoons and estuaries (Ref. 9297). Feed on fish and penaeids (Ref. 50313). Spawning probably occur in the open sea and the transparent larvae migrate towards coastal areas (Ref. 9297). Struggle vigorously when caught on hooks and lines (Ref. 9297). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | schooling; |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Edwards, R.R.C., 1978 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Edwards, R.R.C., 1978 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 4.05 | 0.70 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |