Main Ref. | Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989 |
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Remarks | Found mainly in coastal habitats in semi-silty conditions (Ref. 48635); also found near caves and crevices in rocky and coral reefs from a few meters to at least 100 m. A predator that feeds on surprisingly large prey, swallowed whole through its expandable jaws (Ref. 48635). Feeds mainly on fishes. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Soft Bottom: sand; silt; mud; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Shao, K.-T. and L.-S. Chen, 1992 |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Broad, G., 2003 |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.98 | 0.65 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |