Main Ref. | Tian, D., A.H. Patton, B.J. Turner and C.H. Martin, 2022 |
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Remarks | Devils Hole is reported to have the most extreme conditions: a nearly constant temperature of 34°C, no direct sunlight during the winter which limits primary production, and nutrient availability and dissolved oxygen levels near lethal limits for most fishes (2-3 ppm). It is restricted to the upper 30 m of this 3.5 x 22 m water-filled cavern (Ref. 127857). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | |
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Feeding type Ref. | |
Feeding habit | |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | |||||
Ref. |