Main Ref. | Gosse, J.-P., 1984 |
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Remarks | Nocturnal shoaling species; favors large river channels with a soft bottom and fringing vegetation (Ref. 7248). Found mainly in sheltered bays, lagoons and swampy areas. Occurs also in typical sandy/rocky rivers (Ref. 13337). Frequency of occurence in Caprivi: frequently on rocky streams, occasionally in standing deep water (Ref. 037065). Feeds on insect larvae at night. Known to migrate up tributary rivers of Lake Kariba during rainy season,though it is not yet clear whether this is a breeding migration (Ref. 13337). Breeds during the rainy season; females carry up to 5,000 eggs. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
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Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Konings, A., 1990 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Konings, A., 1990 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.20 | 0.40 | Tentative trophic level derived from 1 + troph of a single food item | ||
Ref. |