Main Ref. | Crowder, L.B., 1986 |
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Remarks | Occurs in large lakes. Become benthic some time after the first summer of life and before the end of the second summer but shift to earlier utilization of the benthic habitat in the presence of competitors (Ref. 28078). Adult fish retain the ability to use either particulate or filter-feeding modes (Ref. 46977). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Crowder, L.B., 1986 |
Feeding habit | variable |
Feeding habit Ref. | Lazzaro, X., 1987 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.26 | 0.30 | 3.23 | 0.43 | Troph of adults from 2 studies. |
From individual food items | 3.40 | 0.46 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Crowder, L.B., 1986 |