Main Ref. | Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986 |
---|---|
Remarks | Occurs from shallow inshore waters to depths of 477 m. Feeds mainly on fishes, but also on shrimps and small shellfish (Ref. 7251). Caligus elongatus (copepod) is a known parasite of the species, found on body surface and fins (Ref. 5951). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
Substrate | |
---|---|
Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
---|---|
Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
---|---|
Feeding type Ref. | Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 4.50 | 0.77 | 4.58 | 0.83 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 4.00 | 0.66 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels and M.D. Grosslein, 2000 |