Main Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1985 |
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Remarks | Feed mainly on coral polyps, also polychaete worms and small shrimps. Usually seen in pairs. Tend to have protruding snout and teeth that project from small mouth which permit them to snip off scleractinian coral polyps despite the surrounding calcareous armor (Ref. 59308). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Hard Bottom; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1985 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Hobson, E.S., 1974 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.32 | 3.21 | 0.39 | Troph of adults from 1 study. | |
From individual food items | 3.00 | 0.34 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Hobson, E.S., 1974 |