Main Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1985 |
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Remarks | Inhabit shallow reef flats. Form schools at midwater to feed on plankton and benthic invertebrates. Also on shallow seamounts. Forage high in the water column (Ref. 4864). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
Feeding habit | selective plankton feeding |
Feeding habit Ref. | Roberts, C.M. and R.F.G. Ormond, 1992 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.03 | 3.02 | 0.08 | Troph of adults from 1 study. | |
From individual food items | 3.40 | 0.45 | Tentative trophic level derived from 1 + troph of a single food item | ||
Ref. | Hobson, E.S., 1974 |