Main Ref. | Steene, R.C., 1978 |
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Remarks | Occur inshore (Ref. 75154). Also found in groups or in pairs (Ref. 4859). Adults inhabit coral and rocky reefs in shallow waters. Juveniles inhabit intertidal rocky pools. Forms pairs. Feeds on small invertebrates, crabs, amphipods, marine worms, anemones, and planktonic copepods (Ref. 9773). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Letourneur, Y., P. Chabanet, P. Durville, M. Taquet, E. Teissier, M. Parmentier, J.-C. Quéro and K. Pothin, 2004 |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
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Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Sano, M., M. Shimizu and Y. Nose, 1984 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.69 | 0.30 | 3.17 | 0.36 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 3.51 | 0.30 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Hobson, E.S., 1974 |