Main Ref. | Pakhomov, Y.A. and V.B. Tseytlin, 1992 |
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Remarks | They are most common in shallower waters of the continental shelf, especially on banks less than 250 m deep in areas where local upwellings increase food supply (Ref. 6390). Aggregations of spiny icefish, which are believed to be feeding aggregations, have been observed over shallow banks in summer (Ref. 6390). The larvae spend their first summer in waters near the surface (Ref. 26875). Juveniles are also found near the surface, often in association with Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) swarms (Ref. 6390). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Pakhomov, Y.A. and V.B. Tseytlin, 1992 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Pakhomov, Y.A. and V.B. Tseytlin, 1992 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.23 | 0.15 | 3.26 | 0.37 | Troph of adults from 6 studies. |
From individual food items | 3.38 | 0.47 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Pakhomov, Y.A. and V.B. Tseytlin, 1992 |