Main Ref. | Martin, K.L.M. and C.R. Bridges, 1999 |
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Remarks | Common inshore, in tide pools or shallow rocky areas, from the intertidal zone to 24 m depth. May remain out of water under rocks or seaweed (Ref. 31184). Feeds mainly on crustaceans and algae. Breathes air (Ref. 31184) and can remain out of water for 15-35 hours if kept moist (Ref. 51276). At somewhere between 5 and 8 cm TL, they shift their diets and feed absolutely on algae, preferring reds and greens (Ref. 43439). Predation by early juvenile fishes on water-column planktors was greatest following initial intertidal settlement and habitat establishment (Ref. 41810). Greater dependence on substrate-oriented and/or benthic prey was exhibited as the fish grew in size (Ref. 41810). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Beds: rock; |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Martin, K.L.M. and C.R. Bridges, 1999 |
Feeding habit | grazing on aquatic plants |
Feeding habit Ref. | Boyle, K.S. and M.H. Horn, 2006 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 2.33 | 0.17 | 2.05 | 0.38 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 2.99 | 0.37 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Boyle, K.S. and M.H. Horn, 2006 |