Main Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1985 |
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Remarks | Found mostly below depths of 23 m, but occasionally seen in as little as 6 m. Feeds on a wide variety of benthic organisms: gastropods, sponges, algae, bivalves, polychaetes, tunicates, crabs, sea urchins, heart urchins, brittle stars, bryozoans, peanut worms, various small crustaceans and foraminiferans. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1985 |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1985 |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1985 |
Feeding habit | variable |
Feeding habit Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1985 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.54 | 3.06 | 0.20 | Troph of adults from 1 study. | |
From individual food items | 3.25 | 0.30 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1985 |