Main Ref. | Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens, 1994 |
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Remarks | Occurs on continental shelves to depths of at least 200 m. Migrates into large estuaries and inshore bays in the spring to breed (Ref. 6871). Feeds mainly on shellfish (Ref. 26346). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Cox, G. and M. Francis, 1997 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Cox, G. and M. Francis, 1997 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.60 | 0.29 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |