Main Ref. | Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986 |
---|---|
Remarks | Occurs chiefly on the continental shelf, mostly on muddy bottoms (Ref. 2683) or sand bottoms of the outer shelf (Ref. 54164). Juveniles occur in surface waters. Feeds mainly on small crustaceans. Adults are demersal or bathypelagic (Ref. 47377). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
Substrate | : demersal; Soft Bottom: sand; mud; |
---|---|
Substrate Ref. | Schneider, W., 1990 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
---|---|
Associations | schooling; |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | Forms large schools (Ref. 36543). |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
---|---|
Feeding type Ref. | Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.50 | 0.50 | Tentative trophic level derived from 1 + troph of a single food item | ||
Ref. |