Main Ref. | Hopkins, T.L. and R.C. Baird, 1985 |
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Remarks | Oceanic (Ref. 4739) and mesopelagic, mainly at 250-650 m (Ref. 4054). Occur between 200 and 700 m depth during the day, concentrated between 350 and 550 m, and between 100 and 650 m at night, preferring a depth between 150 and 380 m (Ref. 47377). Adults make marked vertical migrations (Ref. 4739). Found singly or in small groups (Ref. 4739). An opportunistic feeder at dusk on calanoid copepods, small fishes (Ref. 4739). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Hopkins, T.L. and R.C. Baird, 1985 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.09 | 0.15 | |||
From individual food items | 3.06 | 0.14 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Hopkins, T.L. and R.C. Baird, 1985 |