Main Ref. | Compagno, L.J.V. and P.R. Last, 1999 |
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Remarks | Found on soft bottoms, in bays, seagrass areas, and sometimes near rocky reefs (Ref. 12951). Also found in lower parts of estuaries. Feeds on bottom crustaceans, molluscs, and fishes. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Soft Bottom Hard Bottom; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
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Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Compagno, L.J.V. and P.R. Last, 1999 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Compagno, L.J.V. and P.R. Last, 1999 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.90 | 0.62 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |