Main Ref. | Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene, 1990 |
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Remarks | Forms congregations in confined sandy areas of sandy bottoms (Ref. 30874) where it buries itself using its pointed snout or its bony, sharp tail. May feed on small fishes, crabs, and prawns. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom: sand; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene, 1990 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene, 1990 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.86 | 0.67 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |