Main Ref. | Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983 |
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Remarks | Adults found on mud bottoms, from 305 (Ref. 2850) to 2,740 m depth (Ref. 2850). Young-of-the-year juveniles are pelagic and found on the surface and near-shore waters (Ref. 28499). Generally localized, but some juveniles have been found to migrate over 2,000 miles in 6 or 7 years (Ref. 28499). Feed on crustaceans, worms and small fishes (Ref. 4925). Is an omnivorous predatory fish of the continental slope of the northern Pacific. Its food includes planktonic, benthic, nectobenthic and nectonic organisms (Ref. 42024). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Orlov, A.M., 1997 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.84 | 0.21 | Troph of juv./adults from 5 studies. | ||
From individual food items | 4.09 | 0.89 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Yang, M.S. and M.W. Nelson, 1999 |