Main Ref. | Grove, J.S. and R.J. Lavenberg, 1997 |
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Remarks | Forms schools in open water above rocky, boulder strewn reefs and slopes and hard substrate with good water movement (Ref. 5227). Feeds on benthic invertebrates and floating organic matter (Ref. 28023). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Grove, J.S. and R.J. Lavenberg, 1997 |
Feeding habit | other |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.67 | 3.34 | 0.38 | Troph of adults from 1 study. | |
From individual food items | 3.27 | 0.47 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Medina, M., M. Araya and C. Vega, 2004 |