Main Ref. | Sano, M., M. Shimizu and Y. Nose, 1984 |
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Remarks | Occurs inshore (Ref. 75154). Inhabits shallow waters (Ref. 9773), lagoons and outer reef slopes. Omnivorous (Refs. 35418, 35420, 9773). Feeds on plants and invertebrates (Refs. 6110, 9773). Has been reared in captivity (Ref. 35418, 35420). Diurnal species (Ref. 54980; 113699). Forms a mutualistic association with several species of sea anemones (Refs. 129713, 9773). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs: reef slope/drop-offs; lagoons; |
Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
Ref. | Fautin, D.G. and G.R. Allen, 1992 |
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Associations | commensalism; mutualism; |
Associated with | Commensal with the anemones Cryptodendrum adhesivum Entacmaea quadricolor (Also Ref. 129713), Stichodactyla mertensii, S. gigantea, S. haddoni, Heteractis crispa, and H. aurora. |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly plants/detritus (troph. 2-2.19) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Sano, M., M. Shimizu and Y. Nose, 1984 |
Feeding habit | grazing on aquatic plants |
Feeding habit Ref. | Sano, M., M. Shimizu and Y. Nose, 1984 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 2.87 | 0.14 | 2.87 | 0.12 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 2.91 | 0.39 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Sano, M., M. Shimizu and Y. Nose, 1984 |