Main Ref. | Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985 |
---|---|
Remarks | In freshwater, juveniles feed on planktonic crustaceans, rotifers and insects (Ref. 35387). In estuaries they consume mysids, isopods, and amphipods (Ref. 42360). In the sea, adults feed mainly on small fishes and on crustaceans, including euphausiids (Refs. 188, 42360). Although feeding generally ceases during spawning migrations (Ref. 59043), some male individuals were found to feed on copepods, isopods, fishes and insects (Ref. 89633). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
Substrate | |
---|---|
Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
---|---|
Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
---|---|
Feeding type Ref. | Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 4.03 | 0.36 | Troph of juv./adults from 3 studies. | ||
From individual food items | 3.59 | 0.60 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |