Main Ref. | Radtke, L.D., 1966 |
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Remarks | Spends most of its time in the sea, usually close to shore (Ref. 27547). Enters estuaries of large rivers and moves far inland to spawn (Ref. 5723). Individuals larger than 48.3 cm feed mainly on fishes; smaller ones feed mainly on chironomids, but also takes small crustaceans, other insects and mollusks (Ref. 1998). Feeding ceases just before spawning (Ref. 1998). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Radtke, L.D., 1966 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Radtke, L.D., 1966 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.25 | 0.13 | 3.27 | 0.54 | Troph of juv./adults from 8 studies. |
From individual food items | 3.62 | 0.57 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Radtke, L.D., 1966 |