Main Ref. | Bauchot, M.-L. and M.M. Smith, 1984 |
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Remarks | Occurs in shallow coastal waters and enters river mouths and estuaries. Feeds mainly on echinoderms, worms, crustaceans and mollusks (Ref. 3507). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Bauchot, M.-L. and M.M. Smith, 1984 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.17 | 0.28 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. | ||
From individual food items | 3.39 | 0.41 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Nasir, N.A., 2000 |